What are Flanges


What are Flanges 


Pipelines carry necessary fluids in processing system. Pipes, valves flanges and blind are necessary to route, control the flow in a system.

Flanges are made of same material as the piping they are used. The thickness, flange diameter is determined by the condition pressure were they are used. They are used on valves, pipes and vessels to ensure tight leak proof connections.

Flanges are joined together by flange union and in between there will be gasket to prevent leakage and to handle safe hazardous product of great pressure and temperature.

Types of flanges.

  • Full face flange
  • Raised face flange
  • Ring joint flange
  • Tongue and groove flange.
  • Slip-on flanges.
  • Weld neck flanges.
  • Hub flange.
  • Socket weld flanges
  • Blind flanges.
  • Lap joint flanges.
  • Threaded flanges

 

Definitions

 Full face flange: Full face flange are flat and smooth and they provide large surface area to hold wide gasket. They are used corrosive area were maximum surface area is there.

 Raised face flange: They allow tight fit to hold the gasket and are used under temperature up to 450 C

 Ring Joint flange: The ring is compressed inside the groove to make a tight seal and is used to handle 600psg and temp over 700 F

Tongue and groove flange. They are used were hazardous products are handled and provides a tight seal at high temp over 450 F

Most used flange types ASME B16.5 are Followings:

Welding Neck, Slip On, Socket Weld, Lap Joint, Threaded and Blind flange. Below you will find a short description and definition of each type, completed with detailed images.












Welding Neck flange

Weld neck flange is also known as a high-neck flange or tapered Welding Neck.Flanges are easy to recognize at the long tapered hub, that goes gradually over to the wall thickness from a pipe or fitting.

The long tapered hub provides an important reinforcement for use in several applications involving high pressure, sub-zero and / or elevated temperatures.

 



Slip On flange

The slip-on flange is a ring (with or without a hub) placed over the pipe's end.The calculated strength from a Slip On flange under internal pressure is of the order of two-thirds that of Welding Neck flanges, and their life under fatigue is about one-third that of the latter.The connection with the pipe is done with 2 fillet welds, as well at the outside as also at the inside of the flange.




Socket Weld flange

Socket Weld flanges were initially developed for use on small-size high pressure piping. Their static strength is equal to Slip On flanges, but their fatigue strength 50% greater than double-welded Slip On flanges.



 

Lap Joint flange

Lap Joint Flanges have all the same common dimensions as any other flange named on this page however it does not have a raised face, they used in conjunction with a "Lap Joint Stub End".

 These flanges are nearly identical to a Slip On flange with the exception of a radius at the intersection of the flange face and the bore to accommodate the flanged portion of the Stub End.Their pressure-holding ability is little, if any, better than that of Slip On flanges and the fatigue life for the assembly is only one tenth that of Welding Neck flanges.



Stub End

A Stub End always will be used with a Lap Joint flange, as a backing flange.This flange connections are applied, in low-pressure and non-critical applications.




Threaded flange

 Threaded Flanges are used for special circumstances with their main advantage being that they can be attached to the pipe without welding. Sometimes a seal weld is also used in conjunction with the threaded connection


Blind flange

Blind Flanges are manufactured without a bore and used to blank off the ends of piping, Valves and pressure vessel openings.





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