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What is a Metallic EXPANSION JOINT ( Bellows )  Metallic Expansion Joints are installed in pipe work and duct systems to prevent damage caused by thermal growth, vibration, pressure thrust and other mechanical forces. The main element of the Expansion Joints is the bellow.   The bellows are made up of a series of convolutions, with the shape of the convolution designed to withstand the internal pressure of the system, but flexible enough to accept axial, lateral and angular deflections. Why should we use a Metallic Expansion JOINT    Any pipe connecting two points is subjected to numerous types of action which result in stresses on the pipe. Expansion bellows absorb these stress as cushions to accommodate the dimensional changes caused by thermal expansion or contraction of pipeline, duct or vessel which containing the system pressure.     What are the components of a Metallic Expansion Joint    An Expansion bellow consists of Bellow element with ...

  𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒕 "𝑺𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒕" 𝑷𝒊𝒈𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒈: Intelligent Pigging is an inspection technique whereby an inspection probe, often referred to as a "smart" pig, is propelled through a pipeline while gathering important data, such as the presence and location of corrosion or other irregularities on the inner walls of the pipe. What makes intelligent pigging different is that smart pigs are capable of performing advanced inspection activities as they travel along the pipe, in addition to just cleaning it. Smart pigs use nondestructive examination techniques such as ultrasonic testing and magnetic flux leakage testing to inspect for erosion corrosion, metal loss, pitting, weld anomalies, and hydrogen induced cracking, among others. They are also able to gather data on the pipeline's diameter, curvature, bends, and temperature. Smart pigging  provides a number of #advantages over traditional forms of pipeline inspection. It allows pipelines to be cleaned and in...

 Causes of Weld cracks: Use of hydrogen when welding ferrous metals. Residual stress caused by the solidification shrinkage. Base metal contamination. High welding speed but low current. No preheat before starting welding. Poor joint design. A high content of sulfur and carbon in the metal.